Inca History
History of the Incas
The history of the Incas, according to the traditions collected by the Hispanic and indigenous chroniclers at the time of conquest, a period of 250 years, which occurred thirteen or Inca emperors.
The first eight since the beginning of the thirteenth century until the ascent to the throne of Pachacuti (1438), form the Legendary empire, which are imprecise knowledge.
Since Pachacuti until the Spanish conquest there are five Incas, in a period of only one hundred years and is known as Historic Empire, much better documented.
I Manco Capac, the first sovereign (early thirteenth century), is a mythical character, which according to tradition, was the one who led his people with his three brothers and four sisters, to the valley where he founded the city of Cuzco.
The second Inca, son of the first and his sister Mama Ocllo was Sinchi Roca, who happened Lloque Yupanqui. When his son, Cápac Mayta, with great strength and courage, is given n the early conquests of his people.
His two successors, Cápac Yupanqui and Inca Roca, seems to spread the conquests of the Incas beyond the valley of Cuzco.
The seventh was Yahuar Huacac Inca, which was succeeded by his son Hatun Tupac Inca, who took the name Biracocha Inca, and, apparently, with the help of their children and able military, laid the foundations of the empire, making expeditions stable military dominance over the conquered peoples.
Cusi Yupanqui happened with the name of Pachacuti (1438), and thus ending the period of the legendary empire.
One hundred years since the ascent to the throne of Pachacuti until the Spanish conquest, during which time the Inca people began to dominate a vast empire whose boundaries were the Sir of Colombia and central Chile, and came to the East Tucumán region of Argentina.
During the reigns of Pachacuti (1438-1471) and Tupac Inca Yupanqui (1471-1493), and at least fifty years, was carried out this expansion, the result of the campaigns that both did.
Pachacuti subdued the neighboring peoples, and his sons and his brother Cápac Yupanqui (ending run by fear that her ambition to pass on his conquest) and subjected the conquered chanca rich region of Cajamarca.
Pachacuto elected to his third son, Tupac Inca Yupanqui, as his successor, who had shown yta spirit conqueror between 1463 and 1471, to annex the powerful kingdoms of Quito and Chimu, located to the north and the coastal valleys to Nasca .
However, after 1471, and once his father had renounced the Empire, Tupac Inca Yupanqui continued his conquests, arriving from the south to areas inhabited by the central chile araucanos (where for a long time also had to establish the boundary penetration of the Spanish) and the East to the central regions of Bolivia, to the Amazon jungle and to the lands of the Chaco.
At the end of his life, he retired to Cuzco and built the immense strength of Sacsahumán to protect the capital. Inca Tupac Yupanqui was appointed successor to his son Tuti Cusi Hulpe, which adopted the name of Huayna Capac. Completed during the reign of his father's conquests and eventually strengthen the administrative machinery of the empire, but was unable to avoid civil strife that began in this period, and that would have facilitated the Spanish conquest (the death of his father in 1493 , was already a year that Columbus reached American lands), guinea pig penetration was advised in 1525, when the Spaniards had been installed in Panama and began exploring the coast of South America.
His succession was problematic because it wanted to leave as heir to his favorite son, Atahualpa, a decision that was not accepted by Huáscar, which was considered a legitimate child of the queen and therefore legal successor to the throne, although the causes of conflict are not known with certainty, the reality is that caused a civil war that ended with the defeat and capture Huáscar in 1532. Atahualpa's victory coincided with the arrival of the Spaniards under the command of Pizarro. For fear that it will adopt the match Huáscarm ordered Atahualpa to be given death, and in 1533, he was one of the reasons of his own conviction, to be tried by the Spanish. Thus, the Inca empire, with all its administrative machinery, was taken over by the Spanish, even though nominally reigned Huaco Cápac II (1544).
For forty years the Inca nobility tried to resist, until the last pretender to the throne, Tupac Amaru I was beheaded in 1572. The myth of the Inca Empire would survive for muco-time as an element of cohesion to the independent claims and indigenous. In the late eighteenth century, José Gabriel Condorcanqui took his insurrection in the name of Tupac Amaru, which earned him the support of the indigenous peasant masses.
